Exercise 1.11 Questions 1-10 13 and 14. Page 37

1. coal, oil and gas.
2. solar, wind and hydro- electricity.
3. the concern for the environment and global warming.
4. India, Australia, China, America.
5. 76 billion tonnes.
6. $4 billion
7. the solar power plant will be built in Mildura, Victoria. it will cover 0.8 square kilo meters.
8. wind turbines and windmills.
9. advantages         
 provides energy for 18,000 homes. reduces greenhouse gases. will hold 23 turbines.
disadvantages
will last for 25 years. costs lots of money, very noisy and will disturb farmers. ruins views of the country.
10. they give off no greenhouse gases and are good for the environment.
13. it disperses like air to major cities. 
14a. coal- $17 billion       Gold- $6 billion          wool - $3 billion
 14b. coal - $25 billion     gold - $& billion        wool - $4 billion
14c. coal.

Exercise 1.10- Questions 1-18 Page 35

1. Resources are any materials that can be used by humans.
2. renewable resources are resources which are able to be re-used many times. non- renewable cannot be used again.
3. a renewable resource can become a non- renewable resource due to over exploitation.
4. healthy soil is a vital resource that is the basis for Australia's successful agricultural industries. soil is also influential to the water cycle.
5. h
6. nearly 1.7 million square meters.
7. Australia's fishing and agriculture industries are worth more than $2 billion annually.
8. the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) set a limit of 5265 tonnes for the southern blue fin tuna catch in 2006.
9. Bauxite, iron ore, lead, zinc, silver, uranium, industrial diamonds and mineral sands.
10. due to improved prospecting and extraction technologies.
11. Australia has an extensive amount of forest area. we have 768 million hectares which is a very large amount, although it is rapidly decreasing, because they have all 8.2 hectares for each person.
12. uranium became a valuable resource in 1945, when the first atomic bomb demonstrated that splitting a uranium atom released enormous amounts of energy.
13. they are resources of great significance on a national and global scale.
14. mining, transporting and processing uranium exposes people to increased health risks.
15. Australia's fishing grounds are all outside of Australia and are only about 10 km outside of our country.
16a. the majority of Australia's spacial distributions of uranium are used for minerals and mining (27%) and for other merchandise (22%) rural and services are on 21% and oil and gas is on only 9%.
16b. Radium hill
16c. Ranger
18a. 1986- $300 million 
1996- $250 million
2006- $530 million
18b. 384 million
18c. the trend for uranium increased at a steady rate, than instantly went up to a very high value and decreased, only to again rocket up.

Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami

1.
a. the epicenter of the earthquake is on the north American plate, near Sendai is the closest major city to the epicenter as you can see from this picture.
b. the size of the earthquake is 8.9 magnitude. c. a port city in northeastern Japan, the city of Sendai is a port city, which is where 200 to 300 bodies were found floating in the river.In Tokyo there was a massive rescue effort but the rescuers were not able to find many more survivors. as you can see from the pictures below, the tsunami killing most of the drivers didn't survive. and the other picture, with the boat stuck on the top of the house, which means that those home owners could easily have been killed by that boat.
d. the impending man made disaster is that the nuclear power stations need to be cooled down by some water so that they don't overheat and cause numerous counts of damage, such as people getting radioactive poisoning or by it overheating and since it is very  close to the ocean harming marine wildlife.

Australias Natural Resources

1. China is Australia's largest export partner, as shown by these graphs. Minerals and fuels are the most popular trade. these three are the top three. the products are (in order of popularity) coal, iron core and education services.  in the graph to the right, you can see the amount of each product being exported. coal sits at the top on approx. $22 billion. i believe that we export those goods because we are a rich country which these minerals and china does not have many minerals. 

2. the United states of America are Australia's largest import country.the top ten imports from America to Australia. i believe that America imports these things from America because we are not as good at manufacturing all of these items and America is like a power country.

1. Materials handling equipment … US$876.9 million (4.9% of Australian from U.S. imports, up 46.6% from 2005)
2. Civilian aircraft … $744.6 million (4.2%, up 8.3%)
3. Medicinal equipment … $733 million (4.1%, up 18.3%)
4. Minimum value shipments … $718.6 million (4%, up 14%)
5. Excavating equipment … $714 million (4%, up 7.3%)
6. Telecommunications equipment … $710.9 million (4%, up 14.5%)
7. Pharmaceutical preparations … $663.7 million (3.7%, up 0.5%)
8. Computer accessories … $586 million (3.3%, up 15.3%)
9. Other vehicle parts & accessories … $478 million (2.7%, up 9.2%)
10. Other industrial machines … $469.8 million (2.6%, up 26.3%).

Exercise 1.7 questions 1-11

1. Australia has been an isolated continent for 50 million years. over that time the plants and animals have evolved separately from those in other parts of the world.
2. they have evolved.
3. belonging exclusively or confined to a particular place.
4.  89.
5. the great barrier reef, tropical rain forests of Queensland and and south west botanical province of western Australia. 
6. Australia. 
7. Koalas. pouched mammals. 
8. platypus. monotremes are mammals that lay eggs. 
9. a wallaby is slightly smaller than a kangaroo. 
10. the duck-billed platypus is about 50 cm  long and it weighs around 1-2 kg. they have a duck like bill, which allows them to breathe underwater. they also have webbed feet which allow them to swim underwater. 
11. the bottle brush plant: the bottle brush plant is the most densely populated plant in Australia. Hardy with tough leaves, often with paper bark, Flowers produced in dense spikes at the end of the branches. The stamens are the most conspicuous part of the flower and are in colours of green, yellow, white and various shades of red and violet. Varying in size from 5 feet shrubs to small trees. They belong to the genus Myrtaceae, and there are 34 species of them in Australia.

Predicting the weather. Exchange student from New York

1. Aaron, for the next couple of months in Australia, the weather here is getting colder, as we are approaching winter. you will need to pack colder things, although about now in America it is cold although it is getting hotter. so i would start to pack things for winter.
2. in thredbo there will be some snow and so you should pack lots of winter clothes like coats or  gloves for skying.