2.7 Destruction by Tropical Cyclone Larry

1. 20 March 2006 cyclone Larry crossed the coast near Innisfail between 6:20 am and 7:20 am
2. Because they were very close to the coastline so they would have been much more force in the tropical cyclone.
3. Public infrastructure is public transport such as trains and buses. with these damaged, it made it a lot harder for people to get around because everything was flooded and there was no public transport working.
4. $350 million
5. The effected area of the banana industry was worth $330 million. Employment dropped and so many people were left without a job.
6. EMA = Emergency Management Australia. they managed all of the evacuation and emergency plans.
SES = State Emergency Services. the ses were rescuers for people who are stuck or trapped and injured.
7.the Australian defence force and charity and community groups.
8. offering assistance to farmers, members of the community and business owners.
9. EMA appointed general major Peter Cosgrove who helped co-ordinate supplies and personnel, and to lead the response
10. The state government issued warnings and general information in regards to dealing with cyclones.
11. The Federal government issued grants which were successful in aiding financially with the repairs.
12. The Australian defence force helped by giving manual labour and helped with cleaning up and rebuilding
13. All of these responses were extremely helpful, as there were no deaths and only 30 injuries.

2.6 Tropical Cyclones - responding to nature's fury

1. in the early hours of 25 December 1974.
2. the local police and community leaders  set up evacuation and medical centres until the federal government got involved.
3. the National Disaster Organisation (NDO) is a federal government body - appointed major General Alan Stretton to coordinate the emergency response.
4. the people of Darwin needed to be evacuated so that there would be minimal deaths as it went further in land.
5.80%
6. this has enabled the communities to be better prepared for possible future cyclones because they will already have evacuation centres and will be able to develop better management plans.
7. On 29th August 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit the gulf of Mexico and the state of Louisiana, killing 1400 people and flooding large areas of New Orleans.
8. the low - lying nature of New Orleans meant that 80% of the city became flooded.
9. there was criticisms towards the governments saying that they were slow and disorganised with their response to the hazard.
10. With cyclone Tracy the organisation and evacuation was very well prepared which enabled 80% of the community to be safe whereas with Hurricane Katrina, the organisation was very poor, very slow and not enough resources were given as aid for them so a lot more people died.

2.5 Tropical Cyclones

1. Tropical cyclones are intense low- pressure systems that form over warm oceans.
2. Tropical cyclones form over the Northern areas of Australia. Between 5 degrees and 22 degrees North and South of the Equator.
3. they generally effect areas north of Perth along the coasts of Western Australia and the Northern Territory, most of the Queensland coastline and occasionally the far north coast of New South Wales.
4.  Six are likely to cross the coastline.
5. Typhoons, Hurricanes.
6. tropical cyclones develop in the tropical regions of the world. heat from the sun causes warm, moist air to rise into the atmosphere. As the air rises, a low pressure system forms and condensation occurs, which releases latent heat causing the air to rise further into the atmosphere. if the air pressure in the upper atmosphere is high, then the rising column of warm air will spiral outwards in the upper atmosphere and air will rush from the surface to replace it. forming a tropical cyclone.
7. the eye of a tropical cyclone is the central spiral which happens to be the calmest area of the cyclone.
8.
















9. Once they travel over land or move beyond the tropics to cooler oceans they tend to dissipate or lose their energy as the supply of warm, moist air is no longer present.

MAPPING

Using the Synoptic Maps and the Sydney weather report below answer the following questions: (more questions under the synoptic charts). Copy the images from this page and put them in your blog.

1. What is it about the pressure system stalled over Australia that relates to the weather over the next 4 days? the air pressure is quite high for the next four days which means that the weather will probably be very nice and sunny weather, which is what the weather forecast is. it says that the weather is going to be a very good temperature and with a very clear and sunny sky. 
2. What is the air pressure in each of the next 4 days for each of the capital cities? How does this correspond with the predicted weather for these cities? the air pressure for the next four days is going to be quite high in Sydney, Hobart, Melbourne and Tasmania. Perth and Alice Springs are still quite high but not as high as the others. Sydney, Hobart and Tasmania are on 1020. Alice Springs and Perth are 1016. this means that they will all probably be quite sunny and quite nice days in most or possibly all of those major cities. 

What is the contour interval (sometimes abbreviated CI)? Convert to metric. 6.096m

What is the scale of the map? Convert it into the metric system 5cm = 1 mi

What is the gradient of the line? Calculate in metric system. 261.823 m

2.8 Studying the weather

1.
a.
i. Hobart: 1016
ii. Port  Headland: 1010
iii. Melbourne: 1018
iv. Perth: 1022
b. Port Headland
c. Melbourne will probable be experiencing some very clear and sunny days because the air pressure around the city is quite high.
d.
i. Tasman Sea: Cold fronts
ii. Central Australia: Winds
iii. West of Tasmania: Precipitation
e. Hobart because they are closer to the ocean and the beaches which would experience the sea breezes compared to Sydney which would experience some beach winds but not nearly as much as Hobart.

2.2 Landslides, earthquakes and tsunamis

1. Landslides involve the movement of a mass of rock or sections of Earth's crust under the force of gravity.
2. Torrential rain, earthquake, human activity.
3. Roads and railways, de-vegetation, man-made hills.
4. the movement of tectonic plates to release stress, a rector scale, highest = 10.
5. inter plate tension
6. every 15 months. in the middle of a plate.
7. 13 people killed, more than 120 people injured.
8. Earthquakes are bigger, effect more people.
9. a wave caused by the movement of the Earth's crust.
10. Earthquakes, Landslide, volcano.
11. when an earthquake force land under water upwards causing large waves.
12. water going out into the ocean rapidly, hear or feel an earthquake and a loud roar.
13. an undersea earthquake measuring 9.3 occurred.
14. 23, it took 20 minutes
15. as waves near land they slow to about 45kph, they squeeze upwards, getting taller.
16. they created the tsunami warning system
17. a Wollongong university geoscience professor, be prepared for a tsunami which will come soon becuase every 500 or so years a tsunami occurs in the apline fault line.
18.
a. 95 E, 5 N.
b.
i.India: 2hours
ii. Africa: 7 hours
iii. Australia: 5 hours
iv. Tasmania: 9.5 hours

Natural hazards in Australia - 2.1

1. when the forces of nature combine to become destructive including tropical cyclones and storms, floods, bushfire, droughts, earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis.
2. a natural disaster affects the community but a natural hazard doesn't.
3. those related to weather and climate factors and those related to the movements in the earth's crust.
4. those related to weather: landslide, drought, flood, bushfire, wind gust, hail.
 those related to the movement of the earth: cyclone, tsunami, earthquake, tornado.
5. because there is a greater amount of people and more thing that are damaged in greatly populated places. e
6. shortage of water and loss of livestock.
7. social impacts, economic damage, environmental damage.
8. so that they can determine better ways for communities to survive.
9. it shows the potential risks of nine different hazards and it is able to show where they are most likely to occur.
10.
a. tropical cyclone, flood, bushfire.
b. tropical cyclone.
11.
a. Local Councils = 1.it gives them time to have evacuation plans ready 2.  it  is able to find out secure locations to build hospital or aid buildings. 3. it is able to give the civilians knowledge of information.
b. State governments = 1.  are able to inform citizens and give them relevant information. 2. make emergency plans for water and food supply in case of an emergency. 3. can prepare evacuation plans.
c. Emergency services = 1. they can find out which areas are at most risk. 2. prepare emergency plans for the at most risk areas and also for the rest of the citizens. 3. can update civilians about the information so they can  personally be prepared.
d. Insurance Companies = 1. the insurance companies will be able to make sure they have as little customers as possible living in a high risk area to benefit them. 2. will find out how many homes will most likely end up needing their insurance for their homes and cars.